Bulgarian monarchs

House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

(1887–1946)

• Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1887–1918)
• Boris III (1918–1943)
• Simeon II (1943–1946)

House of Battenberg

(1879–1886)

• Alexander of Battenberg (April 4 1879– September 7 1886)

Ottoman rule

(1396–1878)

House of Shishman

(1323–1396)

• Michael III Shishman (1323–1330)
• Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria(1330–1331)
• Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (1331–1371)
• Ivan Stratsimir of Bulgaria (1360–1396)
• Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria (1371–1393)

House of Terter

(1280–1292, 1300–1323)

• Teodor II Svetoslav (1300–1322)
• George II of Bulgaria (1322–1323)

Mongolian monarch in Bulgaria

1298–1300

• Chaka (1298–1300)

House of Smilets

(1292–1298)

• Smilets of Bulgaria (1292–1298)

House of Terter

(1280–1292, 1300–1323)

• George I of Bulgaria (1280–1292)

House of Asen (the Asenites)

(1186–1277, 1279–1280)

• joint reign of Teodor (I) Peter (IV) (1186–1197) and Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (1186–1196)
• Kaloyan (1197–1207)
• Boril of Bulgaria (1207–1218)
• Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria (1218–1241)
• Kaliman I of Bulgaria (1241–1246)
• Michael II Asen of Bulgaria (1246–1256/1257)
• Kaliman II of Bulgaria (1256/1257)
• Mitso Asen (1256/1257)
• Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria (1257–1277)
• Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria (1279–1280)
• Ivailo the Swineherd (1277–1279)

House of Comitopuli

(976–1018)

• Samuil (997–1014) (joint rule with Roman 976–997)
• Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria (October 1014–August1015)
• Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria (1015–1018)
• Peter (II) Delyan of Bulgaria (1040–1041)
• Constantin Peter III Bodin of Voislav (1072)

the Dulo clan

• Krum (803–814) of kutriguri
• joint rule of Omurtag (815–831), Dukum (814–815) and Dizewg (815)
• joint rule of Malamir (831–852), Presian (836–852)
• Boris I Michael (852–889)
• Vladimir of Bulgaria (889–893)
• Simeon I of Bulgaria (Simeon the Great) (893–May 27, 927)
• Peter I of Bulgaria (927–969)
• Boris II of Bulgaria (969–972)
• Roman I of Bulgaria (972–997) (joint rule with Samuil976–997)

the Ugain clan

(766–803)

• Umor (766)
• Toktu (766–767)
• Pagan (767–768)
• Telerig (768–777)
• Kardam (777–803)

the Ukil clan

(753–766)

• Kormisosh (753–756)
• Vinekh (756–762)
• Telets (762–765)
• Sabin (765–766)

the Dulo clan

(?–740, 803–997)

At times, the reign in the Bulgar lands was split.

• Kubrat (605–665) over Onogunduri
• Batbayan (665–668) over Onogunduri
• Asparukh (668–701) over Utiguri
• Tervel (701–721)
• Kormesiy (721–738)
• Sevar (738–753)

Early Bulgar leaders bore the title of baltavar (balt-avar), which literally means "ruler of Avars". Later they acquired the title Khan and Khagan, still later the title tsar.

The title tsar was first adopted and used in Bulgaria by Simeon I following a decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire in 913. It was also used by all of Simeon I's successors until the fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman rule in 1396. After Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottomans in 1878, its new monarchs adopted the title tsar again and used it between 1908 and 1946.

Bulgaria

Prince Boris I is sometimes referred as tsar, because at his time Bulgaria was Christianized. However, the title "tsar" was adopted fully and used as the ruler's royal style in Bulgaria by his son Simeon I, following a decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire in 913.

It was also used by all of Simeon I's successors (927-1018;1185-1396) until the fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman rule in 1396. After Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottomans in 1878, its new monarchs adopted the title tsar again and used it between 1908 and 1946.

Slavonic states:

• Bulgaria in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946
• Serbia between 1346 and 1371
• all Russia from 1547 until 1721, when the higher imperial style was assumed instead, while Tsar was officially maintained only as a multiple subsidiary title of the Russian Autocrat in some of his peripheral realms, notably Georgia, Kazan, Poland and Siberia.